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An anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) combines the advantages of anaerobic treatment and membrane filtration to provide a sustainable, efficient, and versatile wastewater treatment solution. This review paper provides an exclusive analysis of the state-of-the-art AnMBR technology from 2010 to 2024. Important advancements are highlighted to showcase strategies for improving system efficiency. As a part of conscious efforts towards a circular economy and sustainability, AnMBR comes as a prospective solution for turning sewage treatment plants into resource recovery facilities. Maximum productivity of AnMBR, typically for low-strength wastewater is achieved in mesophilic temperature conditions with effective hydraulic retention times ranging from 4 to 8 h depending on the influent strength and reactor configurations. Energy recovery from low-strength wastewater can be achieved by feed up-concentration with direct membrane filtration, improving system efficiency by 78–96%. The nutrient-rich AnMBR permeate can either be directly used for fertigation or recovered with different post-treatment strategies with 83–94% efficiency. Varied energy consumption rates are noted, with optimized systems requiring up to 30–50% less energy than conventional activated sludge systems. There is tremendous scope for the development of AnMBR with efficient nutrient and energy recovery from municipal wastewater treatment.
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Menon et al. (2025) studied this question.
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