. The findings showed that the XaG/Ch/CuO-NPs nanocomposite exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory effects against all tested pathogens, with inhibition zones ranging from 15 to 12 mm, whereas the XaG/Ch composite displayed no detectable antimicrobial activity. Overall, the XaG/Ch/CuO-NPs nanocomposite is promising for industrial wastewater purification, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional adsorbents.
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Saleh et al. (2026) studied this question.
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