The radiation from active cathode spots in air and vacuum break arcs was investigated by different experimental techniques: streak camera recording, time-resolved and time-integrated spectroscopy. Spot rotation has been found with two frequencies omega 1 =2*10 5 Hz and omega 2 =4-6*10 7 Hz, and two characteristic radial velocities V 1 =21 m s -1 and V 2 =130 m s -1 . From spectroscopic measurements, degeneration of the upper excited atom states is deduced, corresponding to a strong non-ideality of the cathode spot plasma with consequences for the particle density (N>10 28 m -3 ).
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N. Vogel (1993) studied this question.
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