Recently, Tellegen (1965), in his discussion of the influence of direction of measurement on the analysis of test characteristics, pointed out that similar problems can exist in the assessment of profile similarity. This paper reports two empirical analyses which demonstrate that the correlations between personality test profiles are meaningfully affected by decisions concerning direction of measurement. Reflection of scales in a profile can alter the mean (elevation), variance (scatter), and manifest shape of each profile in a way which yields nonpredictable variations in the person correlation matrix. It is shown that these variations may alter estimations of factor structure, cluster composition, indices of discrimination, and retest stability. c.
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Howard et al. (1967) studied this question.
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