Double-templated electrodeposition: Simple fabrication of micro-nano hybrid structure by electrodeposition for efficient boiling heat transfer

Micro-nano hybrid structure (MNHS) that comprises of microcavities and nanowires is a specific class of MNHS that is considered to be ideal for two-phase boiling heat transfer applications. Realizing MNHS with electrodeposition is favorable in boiling heat transfer, but the realization has been very difficult and time-consuming to achieve. Here, we demonstrate a simple, robust, rapid, and photolithography-free route to fabricate MNHS that consists of individual microcavities and copper nanowires on a large area. We show that this MNHS can be extremely beneficial in boiling heat transfer compared to the state-of-the-art nanowire surface.