Optimizing Energy Management of Hybrid Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage System by Using PSO-Based Fractional Order Controller for Photovoltaic Off-Grid Installation

The integration of hybrid energy sources, such as batteries and supercapacitors, in off-grid photovoltaic installations is of crucial importance.This method promotes energy autonomy, offers operational flexibility, compensates for fluctuations in solar production, and can result in long-term economical savings.It also allows for optimized energy management through efficient storage and redistribution.This work details the design and simulation of a self-sufficient solar system that uses supercapacitors and batteries as part of a hybrid energy storage system.Recognizing the increasing significance of efficient energy systems, this study addresses the importance of such installations in delivering sustainable energy solutions.The FOPI-PSO controller optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique; demonstrates greater flexibility with a greater number of parameters, surpassing the adaptability of the conventional PI controller.By using multiple simulation scenarios that take into consideration both variations in load and irradiance, the study compares the effectiveness of both controllers in terms of synchronizing batteries and supercapacitors.The results demonstrate the PSO-based FOPI control strategy's outstanding performance, showing its optimal efficiency and robustness.