Accurate Detection of Dobutamine-induced Haemodynamic Changes by Kino-Cardiography: A Randomised Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Validation Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Randomised crossover design of the study. The study population was randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. B represents baseline period, P1, P2 and P3 are periods of placebo infusion, and D1, D2 and D3 are periods of increasing doses of dobutamine infusion. The washout phase lasted at least 20 minutes.

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  Figure 2. Kino-cardiograph device measuring 2-lead ECG, 6-DOF seismocardiography (SCG) and 6-DOF ballistocardiography (BCG). The standard axis system is used for BCG and SCG: BCG x, y, and z are respectively left-to-right, caudocranial, and ventrodorsal axes; SGC x, y, and z are respectively right-to-left, caudocranial, and dorsoventral axes.

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  Figure 3. Waveform of (from top to bottom) SCG linear kinetic energy, SCG rotational kinetic energy, BCG linear kinetic energy, and BCG rotational kinetic energy for a representative subject at baseline (left) and then infused with increasing doses of dobutamine (5, 10, 20 μg/kg.min).

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  Figure 4. KCG parameters (means and 95% CI): (A) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i{K}_{Tot}^{SCG}$$\end{document}iKTotSCG, (B) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i{K}_{Tot}^{SCG}\,\ast \,HR$$\end{document}iKTotSCG∗HR, (C) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i{K}_{Tot}^{BCG}$$\end{document}iKTotBCG, (D) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i{K}_{Tot}^{BCG}\,\ast \,HR$$\end{document}iKTotBCG∗HR at baseline and at increasing…

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  Figure 5. Mean and 95% CI of (A) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i{K}_{Tot}^{BCG}$$\end{document}iKTotBCG and SV, (B) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i{K}_{Tot}^{BCG}\,\ast \,HR$$\end{document}iKTotBCG∗HR and CO at baseline and increasing doses of dobutamine (5, 10, and 20 μg/kg.min). \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i{K}_{Tot}^{BCG}$$\end{document}iKTotBCG and SV distinguished baseline, 5 μg/kg.min, and 10 μg/kg.min dobutamine dose levels, but not the 10 μg/kg.min to 20 μg/kg.min dobutamine dose levels. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts}…