A tale of seismic and aseismic effects from marine to coastal sedimentation: Study from Proterozoic Vindhyan succession, India

Syn-sedimentary liquefaction-fluidization-induced soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) triggered by seismic and aseismic processes often infer about the ancient hydrodynamics condition, tectonics, while, compressive understanding of seismic and aseismic processes in sedimentation is constrained. The study explores several SSDS beds preserved in the multiple stratigraphic intervals of 1.75Ga to 0.75Ga Vindhyan sediment succession, India. Sedimentological study conveys that the studied carbonate to siliciclastic sediment has deposited in marine shelf to lagoon, with an exception of aeolian environment. The laterally continuous-extensive, recurrent SSDS preserved in carbonate succession of 1.6Ga and 0.9Ga infer that SSDS are possibly seismites. The change of depositional dynamics from lagoon to open marine at onset of seismites confirm the seismicity origin. The shallow marine shelf siliciclastic and lagoonal carbonate succession records multiple SSDS as topmost deposition of meter-scale coarsening up sequence which are the imprint of repetitive basin subsidence and followed by sedimentation in influence of intrabasinal rift tectonics. The open marine carbonate shelf preserving meter-scale fining-up cycle with SSDS at base is the record of tempestite. Tidal shelf records overturned cross-bedding, convolute laminations are the highlights of tidalites. Tsunami waves ingress in the costal dune field imprint as convolute lamination, and thick muddy sediment decode as the tsunamites. This study infers that the seismicity, tsunami can modify depositional regime, while storm, tide, intrabasinal rift continue similar sedimentation. Origin of earthquake may be linked to northern and southern Indian block assemblage-drifting with Vindhyan Basin tectonics vs. sedimentation, while detailed sedimentation age and tectonics is the future perspective of study.