High-durability lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics have been developed in order to prevent time-dependent degradation in displacement or failure under operation. The coercive field (E c) and mechanical strength of PZT have been improved by doping various additives such as In, La, and Pr, in this study. Neither decrease of displacement nor formation of cracks took place in this new PZT after over 108 cycles of dynamic durability tests. The results indicated that both E c and mechanical strength were important factors in improving the durability of PZT ceramics.
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Sakai et al. (1995) studied this question.
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