An Application of Statistical Testing: A Guide to Basic Parametric Statistics in Educational Research Using SPSS

Statistics is usually associated with a series of numbers, so it is often interpreted as a numerical description. However, statistics in the context of science is not just a series of numbers; statistics is more than just a collection of raw data. Statistics are also used to analyze data, such as graphs, displaying data in tabular form, forecasting, conducting various hypothesis tests, and other uses. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the application of various descriptive and inferential statistical tests in educational research so that it can teach how to collect data, present it in an easy-to-understand form, analyze data, interpret data, and draw conclusions. The data used in this study are secondary data sourced from research, websites, books, and various journals. The research method used is to use a literature review. Based on multiple literature reviews, it was found that the use of appropriate statistical techniques is an essential requirement for the implementation of effective social and behavioral research. In addition, the study concluded that choosing the proper statistical test is necessary for making excellent and specific conclusions. Thus, statistical analysis is essential in making educational research effective, efficient, and flourishing by the objectives set.