A transplant recipient presented with fever and pancytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy showed Leishmania parasites. Travel history revealed a trip to Greece 17 months prior to admission. This case illustrates the importance of considering leishmaniasis as a cause of pancytopenia, especially in the immunocompromised, even in the absence of recent travel to an endemic area. Acknowledgment of this infection is vital as the outcome can be fatal if left untreated.
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Aardema et al. (2009) studied this question.