PNI provides the scientific foundation of several integrative therapies. PNI interventions or mind-body therapies can be categorized into four general mechanisms: sensory, cognitive, expressive, and physical. Some therapies are used in combination, and others incorporate more than one mechanism. Although PNI is limited as a purely biomedical framework, it is a valuable frame of reference because it supports the use of many integrative therapies for patients with cancer.
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Decker et al. (2002) studied this question.
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