Non‐Natural Amino Acids for Protein Engineering and New Protein Chemistries

Non‐natural amino acids can be used to expand the protein sequence space significantly beyond the limits set by nature. Expanding the protein sequence space opens a new door to engineering and chemically modifying proteins. Reassigning codons to non‐natural amino acids as well as engineering protein translational machinery is required to incorporate non‐natural amino acids into a single or multiple sites of a target protein in cells. Non‐natural amino acid incorporation holds a great promise in substantially improving protein intrinsic properties and providing new orthogonal chemistries to proteins for bioconjugation. magnified image