A special in-situ PEM fuel cell has been developed to make XAFS measurements during hydrogen and direct methanol operation possible. The chosen set-up in transmission allows for the on-line monitoring of changes in the catalysts oxidation states and their characteristic short-range order. In both operation modes, the catalyst is reduced during operation, as can be concluded from the XANES region of the spectra showing a decreased white-line intensity in E space.
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Roth et al. (2002) studied this question.
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