A non-dialysable hot water extract (Tof-CFr) with antitumor activity was isolated from dandelions, Taraxacum officinale. Tof-CFr showed an antitumor effect in the allogeneic tumor system of ddY-Ehrlich, and syngeneic one, C3H/He-MM46 with intraperitoneal injection of 30 or 40 mg/kg in later phase, day 11-20 (every day) or day 2-20 (every other day) if on day 0 tumor cells are inoculated subcutaneously. But it did not inhibit tumor growth with injection in earlier phase (day 1-10) in either system mentioned above. The effectiveness in case of later phase injection was observed with other immunopotentiators with antitumor activity i.e. lentinan, and yeast mannan. Particularly in C3H/He-MM46 syngeneic tumor system, both drugs showed a stronger antitumor activity with injection in later phase (day 11-20) than in earlier phase (day 1-10). And in ddY-Ehrlich allogeneic tumor system, both agents showed almost the same strong antitumor activity, regardless of timing of administration. So no clear difference was observed in antitumor activity due to timing. As to the mechanism of tumor growth inhibiting action, Tof-CFr showed cytolytic activation of macrophages in antibody-dependent macrophage mediated cytolysis and enhancement of antitumor delayed hypersensitivity reaction in C3H/He-MM46 syngeneic and ddY-Ehrlich allogeneic tumor systems. It suggests that Tof-CFr is similar to antitumor polysaccharides such as lentinan in the mechanism of antitumor action.
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Baba et al. (1981) studied this question.