Wind Gust Nowcasting Using Numerical Forecasts, Radar Data, and Machine Learning: Definitions and Terms, Observational Tools, and Models

This article presents an in-depth overview of modern tools and methods for nowcasting surface wind gusts using numerical weather forecast output, radar observations, and machine learning techniques. It offers relevant definitions and terms, describes observational tools and observation processing methods, and discusses gust models and nowcasting systems. The overview relies on domestic operational technologies used in the 2024 testing of the nowcasting system.