The ongoing penetration of distribution grids with decentralized generators based on renewable energies leads the way to a new era of electrical energy supply. In more and more grid sections, increasing numbers of installed photovoltaic systems cause voltages rises and thereby increase the expansion costs. To overcome these obstacles for the further expansion of photovoltaic systems, a more decentralized operation control driven by economical incentives is a promising attempt. In order to achieve the maximum benefit from the incentives, PV systems with increased flexibility are required. Sol-ion systems use lithium-ion batteries to decouple the provision of PV energy from its generation and are thus designed to meet the needs of future smart system operation. In this conference contribution three different incentive structures are looked at. They are designed for improving the integration of PV energy into the energy supply system. Local effects of the incentive structures and effects on the generation load balance in Germany are analyzed by simulating load flows and voltages in two low voltage grid sections and by calculating the influence of PV energy on the total German load demand. The simulations show that Sol-ion systems offer their operators adequate flexibility to adapt the injection of PV energy to the incentive in order to increase the economical benefit.
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Büdenbender et al. (2010) studied this question.