The effect of pressure against the chest wall in the use of the stethoscope for both the bell and the diaphragm chest piece is discussed. A modified diaphragm chest piece in a single head designed to increase the auscultatory discrimination is discussed. Comparison of the modified and conventional diaphragm chest pieces on an artificial precordium and with the employment of accepted engineering principles in the study of sound revealed the superiority of the modified diaphragm.
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Howell et al. (1965) studied this question.
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