Three-Dimensional Integration of Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor-Nanoelectromechanical Hybrid Reconfigurable Circuits

Complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS) and nanoelectromechanical (NEM) hybrid reconfigurable circuits are implemented for the first time using three-dimensional (3D) integration process. In addition, their operation is confirmed experimentally. For the fabrication of the 3D CMOS-NEM hybrid reconfigurable circuits, only the standard CMOS baseline process has been used except for the hydrofluoric acid vapor etch to release the NEM structures and focused-ion-beam patterning to define small patterns.