Phase inversion precipitation of a polysulfone and polysulfone—poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer solution yields a membrane with an organized surface structure. The poly(ethylene oxide) block of the polysulfone—poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer segregates to the surface of the membrane. Measurement of the 1H T1ρ of the component materials, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry reveal the organized surface structure of the membrane.
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Lawrence F. Hancock (1997) studied this question.