Usr-e-tams unveiled: A comprehensive review of dysmenorrhoea in classical and modern perspectives

Dysmenorrhea, a prevalent gynecological issue among female adolescents, affects over half of women aged 18-25 and is a leading cause of recurrent short-term absenteeism from educational and occupational settings. Characterized by painful menstrual cramps and accompanied by symptoms like fatigue, nausea, headache, and in severe cases, syncope, its management with conventional medicine often yields limited relief and potential side effects. Consequently, there is growing interest in safer, traditional alternatives. The Unani system of medicine, under terms like waje rehm, dard rehm, or usre tams, offers detailed insights into the causes and treatments of dysmenorrhea. Classical Unani texts recommend specific herbal remedies and compound formulations for its management. This review explores the Unani perspective on the diagnosis and treatment of dysmenorrhea, highlighting its therapeutic approaches and natural formulations.