Key result
Bessems velocity profile predicts flow closer to 3D results than flat or parabolic profiles.
Why the study?
Blood flow behavior in arteries modeled with different velocity profiles and arterial wall mechanical models requires investigation to understand their influence on flow characteristics.
Computational modeling of arterial blood flow demonstrates that the Bessems velocity profile more closely approximates 3D results and that incorporating viscoelastic properties significantly alters flow predictions compared to simple elastic models.
May refine arterial flow simulations; leaves open in vivo validation before clinical use.
In the present work, blood flow behavior in a single artery and in arterial network is studied using time domain based one-dimensional wave propagation model retaining the nonlinear convective force. 1-D Navier-Stokes equation is used to model the flow behavior of the blood, using three unknown parameters: flow rate (q), cross-sectional area of artery (A) and pressure (p) based formulation. Three different approximate velocity profile functions across the cross-section namely modified flat, parabolic and the one proposed by Bessems are used to calculate the nonlinear convective force and the frictional force. Two different constitutive models, linear elastic model and standard linear solid model (Zener model) are used to model the arterial wall mechanical behavior. The system of partial differential equations is discretized using finite element and Crank Nicolson methods in space and time domains, respectively. Based on the formulation, an in house finite element code is developed to simulate flow behavior in both a single artery as well as in arterial network consisting of 20 small and large size arteries. Simulations are performed by enforcing a flow rate at the inlet and Windkessel model at the outlet. The results for elastic arterial wall model are found to be in good agreement with the results available in the literature. The flow rate/pressure predictions using different velocity profile functions are found to be nearly the same, however the Bessems velocity profile predicts more closer to 3D results compared to modified flat and parabolic profiles. Whereas, significant difference is found in the results predicted using elastic and viscoelastic artery wall models.
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Hasan et al. (2021) studied Blood flow behavior in arterial network. Bessems velocity profile and viscoelastic wall model vs. Modified flat/parabolic profiles and elastic wall model was evaluated on Flow rate and pressure predictions. The Bessems velocity profile predicted flow characteristics closer to 3D results than modified flat and parabolic profiles, with significant differences between elastic and viscoelastic wall models.
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