A 41-year-old man had an anomalous inferior vena cava directly connected to the left atrium demonstrated by contrast echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, and at operation. The anomaly is due to developmental failure of the right sinus venosus valve, septum secundum, and dorsal portion of the atrial septum.
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Meyers et al. (1989) studied this question.
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