In the tropics, direct penetrating sunlight brings in heat and glare as well. Architects have various openings in various orientations and need a simple and fast method to calculate the extent of exterior shading depth required for each opening. A computer program was used to analyze incoming sunlight through openings of various orientations in Penang, in all the twelve months of the year. Simulations done also took into consideration the various nett openings that can occur in any particular floor section. Results were then tabulated in a simple form that can easily be understood and used by consultant architects. It is hoped that guidelines like this can be incorporated in the building by laws as they can help reduce heat gain and glare problems of interiors in the tropical climate.
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Fadzil et al. (2003) studied this question.