Design and Characterization of an Active Impedance Matched Low-Noise Phased Array Feed

An L-band low-noise phased array feed antenna was designed, fabricated, and characterized experimentally. The element design was optimized for an active impedance matching condition with a given set of nonuniform amplitude beamformer coefficients associated with a formed PAF beam. Using measured array S-parameters and modeled array element patterns, the predicted boresight beam equivalent system noise temperature and aperture efficiency at prime focus with uncooled low-noise amplifiers were 42 K and 61% at 1600 MHz. Experimental measurements of receiver noise using an array Y-factor technique matched modeled predictions. The array feed was mounted on the Arecibo radio telescope for on-reflector characterization. The measured boresight beam sensitivity figure of merit (Tsys/ηap) was 88 K and the 1 dB sensitivity bandwidth was 450 MHz.