Symbiosis: mechanisms and model systems.

Foreword K. Jeon. Preface J. Seckbach. Acknowledgements J. Seckbach. I: General Aspects. Prioritizing Symbiosis to Sustain Biodiversity: Are Symbionts Keystone Species D.P. Zook. Morphological aspects P. Nardon, H. Charles. Symbiosis and Their Consequences for Community and Applied Ecology D. Secord. II: Origin & Evolution. What's in a Tree? Does Horizontal Gene Transfer Determine Microbial Taxonomy L. Olendzenski, et al. The Commonality of Cyanobacterial Endosymbioses Does Not Support the Endosymbiotic Theory for Origin of Eukaryotic Organelles T.E. Jensen. Non Symbiotic Origin of Locomotory Organelles M. Rizzotti. The Cyanelle (Muroplast) of Cyano paradoxa: A Paradigm for Endosymbiotic Organelle Evolution W. Loffelhardt, H.J. Bohnert. The Syntrophy Hypothesis for the Origin of Eukaryotes P. Lopez-Garcia, D. Moreira. Thermodynamic Ecology of Hydrogen-based Syntrophy D.L. Valentine. Nutritional Syntrophies and Consortia as Models for the Origin of Mitochondria D.G. Searcy. Reversion of Endosymbiosis? The Case of Bleaching in Euglana J. Krajcovic et al. Symbiosomes R. Hinde, D.A. Trautman. The Abscence of Nitrogen-Fixing Organelles Due to Timing of the Nitrogen Crisis Ch.P. McKay, R. Navarro-Gonzalez. Nucleus Symbiosis Hypothesis: Formation of Eukaryotic Cell Nuclei by the Symbiosis of Archaea in Bacteria T. Shinozawa, et al. III: Bacteria, Cyanobacteria & Algae. Phototrophic Consortia: A Tight Cooperation Between Non-Related Eubacteria J. Overmann. Structure and Phylogeny Cyanophora species P. Kugrens. The Microenvironment and Photosynthetic Performance of Prochloron sp. in Symbiosis with Didemnid Ascidians M. Kuhl, A.W.D. Larkum.IV: Fungi Symbiosis. Survival Strategies in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbionts M. Giovannetti. Three Part Harmony -- Ascophyllum and its Symbionts D.J. Garbary, R.J. Reckert. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi and Their Endobacteria P. Bonfante, et al. V: Lichens. Origin and Evolution of Green Lichen Algae T. Friedl, D. Bhattacharya. Lichenization of the Trentepohliales R.L. Chapman, D.A. Waters. Trebouxia: Reflections on a Perplexing and Controversial Lichen Photobiont V. Ahmadjian. VI: Symbiosis in Plants. Algae Living on Trees and in Other Strange Places W. Reisser. Cycad Coralloid Roots Housing Cyanobacteria M. Grilli Caiola. Evolution of Epicholoe/Neotyphodium Endophytes and Other Clavicipitalean J.F. White, et al. The Effect of Endophytic Fungi on Host Plant Morphogenesis S. Scannerini, et al. VII: Association with Protozoa. Anaerobic Ciliates and Their Methanogenic Endosymbionts J.H.P. Hackstein, et al. Endosymbiosis of Beta-Proteobacteria in trypanosomatid Protozoa M.C.M. Motta, et al. Ectosymbiosis in Ciliated Protozoa G. Rosati. Living Sands: Symbiosis Between Foraminifera and Algae J.J. Lee. Protistan-Prokaryotic Symbiosis in Deep-Sea Sulfidic Sediments K.R. Buck, J.M. Bernhard. VIII: Symbiosis in Insects and Higher Animals. Sponge/ Algal Symbiosis: A Diversity of Associations D.A. Trautman, R. Hinde. The Taxonomy and Evolution of the Zooxanthellae-Coral Symbiosis S.Karako, et al. Algal Symbiosis in Flatworms A.M. McCoy, I. Balzer. Trichomycetes: Fungi in Relationship with Insect and Other Arthropods R.W. Lichtwardt. Evolution of Ascomycete-Arthropoda Symbioses J.W. Spatafora.