A- and B-site ratios in (Na0.5+y+zK0.5−y)(Nb1−xTax)O3 ceramics with ABO3 structure were investigated to differentiate the effects of polymorphic phase transition (PPT), morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), and Na nonstoichiometry on piezoelectric coefficient (d33). MPB was intrinsically determined by the ratio between Na and K, whereas PPT was extrinsically controlled by Ta substitution. PPT temperature between orthorhombic and tetragonal phases (TO−T) was reduced to room temperature at x = 0.45. d33 was increased to 310 pC/N at y = 0.03 and z = 0 by the combined effects of PPT and MPB and was further enhanced to 333 pC/N by the Na nonstoichiometry at z = 0.015 with improved density.
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Sung et al. (2012) studied this question.
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