Diagnosis and Conservative Treatment of the Temporomandibular Joint Internal Disorders

This study is aimed at identifying TMJ dysfunction and non-surgical treatment of this pathology. Dysfunctions of the dental system in patients with malocclusion remain a pressing problem in modern dentistry, due to the fact that the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders are quite difficult, and the clinical picture is quite diverse and quite complex. According to various studies, symptoms of articular disorders are characterized by high prevalence and are observed in 25 – 70 % of the adult population, which indicates the relevance of the problem of treating TMJ pathologies. The purpose of the study was to increase the effectiveness of treatment of dysfunctions of the dentofacial system in patients with malocclusions; objectives – identification and diagnosis of dysfunctions of the dental system in patients with malocclusions; drawing up a treatment plan using splint therapy and kinesiotherapy; long-term results and assessment of the degree of effectiveness of these treatment methods. 14 days after the therapy, with the use of repositioning and muscle relaxation splints, the majority of the subjects observed a decrease in the tone of the masticatory muscles, pain sensitivity in the masticatory muscles and the area of the temporomandibular joint, clicks, crepitus, and deviation when opening the mouth disappeared. Patients no longer clenched their teeth during the day, did not experience difficulty opening their mouths immediately after waking up, and headaches radiating to the temple and jaw decreased. It is recommended to use splint therapy together with kinesiotherapy as an additional treatment method. After splint therapy, all subjects in the group showed positive dynamics within two weeks, which indicates the need to treat TMJ diseases using these methods.