Predictive modelling for whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) control in cotton (Gossypium spp.): Evaluating sprayer efficiency using PLS regressionand ANN techniques

Cotton (Gossypium spp. L.), a vital fibre cash crop in India, faces challenges from various insect-pests among which whiteflies pose a significant threat. A study was carried out in 2022 at Abhor district of Punjab to evaluate seven sprayers, including high clearance boom sprayer, air-assisted drop-up boom sprayer, auto-rotate gun, air-assisted electrostatic sprayer, engine-powered knapsack, manually operated knapsack, and UAV sprayers, based on droplet density, size, coverage, spray volume deposition, and bio-efficacy. From the experimental results, it was found that the electrostatic sprayer was most effective against whiteflies. An economic analysis considered costs, ANN and PLSR models predicted whitefly populations, with ANN showing superior accuracy, recommending engine-powered gun sprayers for optimal control. Field assessments favoured high clearance boom and drone sprayers, offering cost efficiencies. Eventually, the optimal choice of a sprayer should align with the specific needs and circumstances of the farm.