Aging and clustering in globally coupled oscillators

A population of coupled nonlinear oscillators may age in such a way that the fraction of non-self-oscillatory elements increases. Following our previous paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 104101 (2004)], we study the effect of aging in this sense mainly for globally coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators with the emphasis on the structure of the (K,p) phase diagram, where K is the coupling strength and p is the ratio of inactive oscillators. In addition to the aging transition reported previously, such a diagram is shown to be characterized by a hornlike region, which we call a "desynchronization horn," where active oscillators desynchronize to form a number of clusters, provided that uncoupled active oscillators are sufficiently nonisochronous. We also show that desynchronization in such a region can be captured as a type of diffusion-induced inhomogeneity based on a "swing-by mechanism." Our results suggest that the desynchronization horn with some curious properties may be a fairly common feature in aging systems of globally and diffusively coupled periodic oscillators.