Extremely well resolved Si 2p core-level spectra from the clean Si(111)7×{}7 surface have been obtained at {~}100 K. Surface-shifted components become visible to the naked eye. Contributions from the constitutive entities of the complex 7×{}7 reconstruction, i.e., rest atoms, adatoms, pedestal atoms, and dimer atoms are clearly identified. This puts into new perspective the spectroscopy and physics (structure and electronics) of this prototypical surface.
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Lay et al. (1994) studied this question.