We review the past years' literature on biochemical markers of bone turnover. A general introduction to markers of bone formation and bone resorption is followed by reference values of bone turnover in neonates, infants, and prepubertal and pubertal children. We describe intervention with calcium and physical activity in healthy children and bone turnover in patients. The predictive value of a single measurement of bone markers in individuals is poor, due to the large biologic intraperson variation for bone markers in general. Serious osteoporosis can be diagnosed by the combined results of measurement of several bone formation and resorption markers.
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Ridder et al. (1998) studied this question.
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