Tourism, festivals, and special events are usually not considered in conjunction with disasters or disruptive events. As the notions of tourism, festivals and other special events reflect enjoyment and relaxation, whereas disasters bring to mind distress, fear, and even panic. Nevertheless, it must be remembered that whether natural or caused by man, disaster occurrences have been and continue to be a part of life that we must deal with. While each special event has different characteristics, they all share a vulnerability to emergency situations. Because special events bring large numbers of people together, they reflect an increased need for special planning for the unexpected.
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Sönmez et al. (1993) studied this question.
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