It is usually presumed that spontaneous emission is necessary to remove the entropy lost by laser-cooled atoms. Here we show that the changes in the laser beams themselves constitute a sufficiently large reservoir of N states accessible to the system that their entropy S=kB0.2em0exln(N) is sufficient to absorb the entropy lost by the atoms in the cooling process. Proper choice of laser parameters could possibly produce cooling of atoms or molecules over a wide range of temperatures without spontaneous emission.
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Harold Metcalf (2008) studied this question.
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