Research and Evaluations of the Health Aspects of Disasters, Part III: Framework for the Temporal Phases of Disasters

Each of the elements described in the Conceptual Framework for disasters has a temporal designation; each has a beginning and end time. The Temporal Framework defines these elements as phases that are based on characteristics rather than on absolute times. The six temporal phases include the: (1) Pre-event; (2) Event; (3) Structural Damage; (4) Functional Damage (changes in levels of functions of the Societal Systems); (5) Relief; and (6) Recovery phases. Development is not a phase of a disaster. The use of the Temporal Framework in studying and reporting disasters allows comparisons to be made between similar phases of different disasters, regardless of the hazard involved and/or the community impacted. For research and evaluation purposes, assessments, plans, and interventions must be described in relation to the appropriate temporal phase. Birnbaum ML , Daily EK , O’Rourke AP . Research and evaluations of the health aspects of disasters, part III: framework for the temporal phases of disasters . Prehosp Disaster Med . 2015 ; 30 ( 6 ): 628 – 632 .