Summary In this paper we discuss the differences that exists between the efficacy and the effectiveness models in psychotherapy research. We argue that randomised-controlled trials have several shortcomings and that they may not be the most appropriate method for evaluating psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Well-designed field studies may provide an informative, relevant and complementary approach to the evaluation of the effectiveness of psychotherapy as delivered in routine clinical practice. An example of a multi-centre effectiveness study is presented.
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Chiesa et al. (1999) studied this question.
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