Review of Treatment Modalities in Hemorrhoidal Disease

Introduction: Hemorrhoid disease is one of the most common diseases of the anal region and constitutes majority of colorectal investigations.Symptoms related to hemorrhoids include bleeding during or after defecation, pain or discomfort, and perianal itch or irritation.Methodology: We have included various studies that evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle modification, conservative pharmacological treatments, non-surgical procedures, and surgical procedure in the management of hemorrhoids from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.We have included articles published from 1990 to 2020.Conclusion: First-degree hemorrhoids can be managed with conservative and medical treatments.Second-degree and relatively small thirddegree hemorrhoids can be treated with nonoperative modalities.Surgery is generally reserved for the minority of patients who have large third-degree or fourth-degree hemorrhoids, acutely incarcerated and thrombosed hemorrhoids, hemorrhoids with an extensive and symptomatic external component, or patients who have undergone less aggressive therapy with poor results.