Monocytes to Apolipoprotein A1 ratio is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figures

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  Fig. 1. The flowchart illustrates the process of study population enrollment.

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  Fig. 2. MASLD prevalence (A) and metabolic dysfunctions distribution (B) based on MAR quartile. MAR Monocytes to Apolipoprotein A1 ratio, MASLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.

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  Fig. 3. Correlation of MAR with CTL−S and NFS. (A) the negative association between MAR and CTL−S (r = − 0.369, P < 0.001). (B) the positive association between MAR and NFS (r = 0.158, P < 0.001). NFS Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, MAR Monocytes to Apolipoprotein A1 ratio.

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  Fig. 4. The independent correlation of MAR with MASLD in different Models. Model 1: adjustment for age, gender, diabetic duration, and drinking. Model 2: further adjustment for waist circumference, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and uric acid based on Model 1. Model 3: additional adjustment for alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the usage of hypoglycemic agents like metformin, thiazolidinediones, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists based on Model 2. MASLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, MAR Monocytes to Apolipoprotein A1 ratio.

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  Fig. 5. Restricted cubic spines analysis of the association between MAR and MASLD after accounting for full adjustments in Model 3. MASLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, MAR Monocytes to Apolipoprotein A1 ratio.

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  Fig. 6. ROC analysis for comparing MASLD identifying value between MAR and MHR. MASLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, MAR Monocytes to Apolipoprotein A1 ratio, MHR Monocytes to high-density lipoprotein, BMI Body mass index, WC Waist circumference, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin, TG Triglyceride, TC Total cholesterol, HDL-c High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, APOA1 Apolipoprotein A1, UA Uric acid, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase. HOMR-IR Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance, MAR Monocyte to APOA1 ratio, MHR Monocyte to HDL-c ratio, MASLD Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.