Key result
Rapidly accelerating childhood BMI trajectory linked to higher cardiometabolic risk scores versus stable low trajectory.
Why the study?
Little is known about whether the association between rapid growth and increased cardiometabolic risk originates in early childhood.
Does a rapidly accelerating BMI trajectory increase cardiometabolic risk in children aged 0 to 60 months?
Cohort (n=1,166)
Does a rapidly accelerating BMI trajectory increase cardiometabolic risk in children aged 0 to 60 months?
Rapid growth during early childhood is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in preschool children, primarily driven by larger waist circumference.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Rapid early BMI acceleration may identify preschoolers for closer monitoring; leaves open whether interventions alter cardiometabolic trajectories.
BACKGROUND: Rapid growth is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence and adulthood. Little is known about whether the association between rapid growth and increased CMR originates in early childhood. OBJECTIVES: To identify age and sex standardized body mass index (zBMI) trajectories and to examine the association between zBMI trajectories and CMR outcomes in children 0 to 60 months. STUDY DESIGN: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted through The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) in Toronto, Canada. Participants had repeated measures of weight and length or height performed from birth to 60 months of age. Latent class mixed modelling was used to identify the zBMI trajectories. Linear regressions were performed to determine the association between zBMI trajectories and the primary outcome, a CMR score, quantified as the sum of age- and sex- standardized waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, log-triglycerides and negative high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), divided by √5. Secondary outcomes were the individual components of the CMR formula as well as diastolic blood pressure and non-HDL-C. RESULTS: Four BMI trajectories were identified among the 1166 children. After adjusting for all covariates, children in the rapidly accelerating trajectory had increased total CMR score (β = 1.38, 95% CI 0.77; 1.99, P < .001) and increased waist circumference score (β = 2.39, 95% CI 1.92; 2.86, P < .001) compared to the stable low group. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid growth during early childhood is associated with increased CMR in preschool children, largely driven by larger waist circumference.
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Li et al. (2020) conducted a cohort in Cardiometabolic risk (n=1,166). Rapidly accelerating body mass index trajectory vs. Stable low body mass index trajectory was evaluated on Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) score (β = 1.38, 95% CI 0.77-1.99, p=<0.001). A rapidly accelerating body mass index trajectory in early childhood was associated with an increased cardiometabolic risk score compared to a stable low trajectory (β=1.38; 95% CI 0.77-1.99; P<0.001).
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