1-Aryl-9H-indeno[2,1-c]pyridine-4-carbonitrile derivatives were unexpectedly obtained from the reaction of 2-(2,3-dihydroinden-3-ylidene) malononitrile, benzaldehyde and malononitrile in ionic liquid at 90 °C. Modification of the novel reaction protocol resulted in a two-component reaction between 2-(2,3-dihydroinden-3-ylidene) malononitrile, and benzaldehyde catalyzed by 10 mol% malononitrile. A 1,5-hydrogen transfer was proposed to occur in the formation of the product.
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Wang et al. (2008) studied this question.