Applications of potentials to finite element modeling of Maxwell's equations

A scalar and vector potential formulation for Maxwell's equations at low frequency is presented which is suitable for discretization with conventional node-based finite elements. The formulation is based on the Lorentz gauge and results in coupled Helmholtz equations for the potentials. With a proper combination of boundary conditions, the solutions are free of spurious modes for the nonresonant cases of interest. Examples are presented for cases of electromagnetic borehole sonde modeling and hyperthermia treatment planning.>