Biocatalytic Implant of Pt Nanoclusters into Glucose Oxidase: A Method to Electrically Wire the Enzyme and to Transform It from an Oxidase to a Hydrogenase

The enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) reduces, in the presence of glucose and under anaerobic conditions, PtCl 6 2− to Pt nanoclusters (NCs) that are implanted in the protein. The assembly of the Pt NC/GOx hybrid on a dithiol monolayer yields an electrically contacted enzyme electrode, and the bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of glucose is activated (turnover rate ca. 2780 ± 70 s −1 ). The Pt NC/GOx hybrid is also used, under anaerobic conditions, as a biocatalyst for H 2 evolution.