Unusual kinematics of the Papatea fault (2016 Kaikōura earthquake) suggest anelastic rupture

7.8 Kaikōura earthquake rupture-has a distinctly nonplanar geometry, far exceeded typical coseismic slip-to-length ratios, and defied Andersonian mechanics by slipping vertically at steep angles. Additionally, its surface deformation is poorly reproduced by elastic dislocation models, suggesting the Papatea fault did not release stored strain energy as typically assumed, perhaps explaining its seismic quiescence in back-projections. Instead, it slipped in response to neighboring fault movements, creating a localized space problem, accounting for its anelastic deformation field. Thus, modeling complex, multiple-fault earthquakes as slip on planar faults embedded in an elastic medium may not always be appropriate.