Irrigation Modernization in Spain: Effects on Water Quantity and Quality—A Conceptual Approach

This article analyses the effects of irrigation modernization processes on water quantity and quality, taking the Ebro river basin (NE Spain) as a case study. The objective is to contribute to needed in-depth analysis and discussion regarding the optimization of water use in agriculture. A conceptual approach based on water accounting concepts has been applied. Results show that irrigation modernization linked to an increase in land productivity involves additional water depletion if the location of the irrigated areas and the quality of the irrigation return flows allow their re-use. Additionally, modernization reduces the volume of return flows and pollutant loads and increases the quality of the receiving water bodies. The modernization of water management will be required to maximize economic, social and environmental returns from the investment in new irrigation infrastructure.