Water model experiments have been carried out to understand the behavior of the meniscus of molten steel near the immersion nozzle. The meniscus is disturbed by a large argon bubble rising along the immersion nozzle. Water, silicone oil, and air are used as models for molten steel, mold powder, and argon, respectively. A cylindrical rod is used as a model for the immersion nozzle. The contact angle of a water droplet on the rod is adjusted to become nearly the same as that of a molten steel droplet on the immersion nozzle by coating repellent on the rod surface. A single air bubble of a predetermined volume is released from a cap-shaped container to attach to the bottom of the rod. The behavior of the bubble passing across the interface between water and silicone oil is observed with a high-speed video camera to make clear the entrapment of silicone oil droplets into the water bath.
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Watanabe et al. (2009) studied this question.
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