Three different spin arrangements for the (001) surface of Cr are discussed on the basis of self-consistent total-energy calculations: ferromagnetism, inside-the-surface c(2×2) antiferromagnetism, and "topological" antiferromagnetism between ferromagnetic terraces separated by single steps. The c(2×2) antiferromagnetic configuration is found to be energetically unfavorable. Instead, topological antiferromagnetism is compatible with both the absence of magnetization observed by spin-resolved photoemission and the existence of spin-split surface states detected by energy- and angular-resolved photoemission.
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Blügel et al. (1989) studied this question.
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