The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Complications in Children With Insulinable Sugar Diabetes

a | 2 0 1 9 | v o l .9 | n u m . 1 | the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vasCular CompliCations in Children with insulinable sugar diabetes a b s t r a c t -The focus of this article is to evaluate lipid peroxidation, antioxidant protection and oxidative stress indicators based on the neutrophil granulocytes functional activity model in children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D).The studies have revealed that, in case of negative effects of reactive oxygen species, children with T1D had intensification in the lipoperoxidation and activation of the antioxidant defense system, including bidirectional changes in non-enzymatic mechanisms.Coordinated generation of reactive oxygen species and oxygen-dependent blood cell metabolism in children with compensated T1D is indicative of the oxidative stress second stage (resistance) development.Reduced production of reactive oxygen species, decrease in the phagocyte oxygendependent metabolism activation, incomplete phagocytosis mechanisms correlated with an increase in the pancreas affected area (destruction of insulin-producing β-cells) in children with decompensated T1D, points at the onset of the third stage (depletion) of oxidative stress.Metabolic disorders in children with T1D are determined by the intensity of the "respiratory explosion" of neutrophilic granulocytes in the Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection system.K E y w o r d s -type 1 diabetes mellitus, child population, chemiluminescence, neutrophil granulocytes, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant protection. i n t r o d u C t i o nLatest data indicates that prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world increased during the last decade more than two-fold, reaching some 415 million patients by the end of 2015.According to the current estimation by the International Diabetes Federation, 642 million patients will be suffering from DM by 2040.These observations resulted in the UN Resolution on Diabetes 61/225 passed on 20.12.2006, and in 2011 -UN Political Declaration, addressed to national health systems, calling for the establishment of multidisciplinary strategy in the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, where special attention is drawn to the problem of diabetes as one of the leading causes of disability and mortality [1,-9].Like many other countries, Russian Federation experiences a sharp rise in the prevalence of DM.According to Russian Federal Diabetes Register, there are at least 4.35 million patients with DM in this country by the end of 2016 (3% of population) with 92% (4 million) -Type 2 DM, 6% (255 th) -Type 1 DM and 2% (75 th) -other types of DM.However, these results underestimate real quantity of patients, because they consider only registered cases.Results of Russian epidemiological study (NATION) confirmed that only 50% of Type 2 DM are diagnosed.So real prevalence of patients with DM in Russia is no less than 8-9 million patients (about 6% of population).This is a great long-term problem, because a lot of patients are not diagnosed, so they don't receive any treatment ant have high risk of vascular complications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].According to the National register, 22,969 children and 8,758 adolescents with T1D had been identified in Russia by 2017.The prevalence of T1D as per 100,000 persons was 86.73 for the child category, and 203.29 for the category of adolescents, while the morbidity and mortality indices were 11.78 and 8.03, respectively and 0.05 and 0.10, respectively [18][19][20].Severe consequences of the global pandemics of DM include its vascular complications: nephropathy, retinopathy, coronary, cerebral, coronary and peripheral vascular disease.These conditions are responsible forth majority of cases of diabetes-related disability and death [21][22][23].