A decade of change: performance trajectories in Paralympic discus throw across classes and genders (2012–2022)

Introduction: A longitudinal analysis of performance trajectories in Paralympic discus throw events from 2012 to 2022, focusing on gender and classification-specific trends. Methods: Using annual rankings from the International Paralympic Committee, we examined the top 1-3 and top 4-8 athletes in each class to assess technical evolution, participation dynamics, and the impact of external disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Heterogeneous performance patterns were revealed, with some classes showing sustained improvement while others experienced regression. Notably, the F11 class has shown consistent growth in performance results, suggesting strategic potential for national investment for countries seeking to invest in World Championship events. Discussion: The findings underscore the importance of classification-based monitoring and evidence-informed planning for athlete development, talent identification, and competition optimization. These insights contribute to the refinement of training strategies and support decision-making by coaches and Paralympic committees.