Accuracy of computed tomography in predicting operative findings in patients with pancreatic neoplasms, correlation with histopathological findings: A systematic review

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and fatal form of cancer, primarily due to its late-stage diagnosis. A computed tomography (CT) scan is crucial because it offers essential insights into factors such as the feasibility of tumor resection, the presence of lymph node metastasis, and vascular invasion. Aim: In this systematic review, we explored the role of CT in evaluating pancreatic cancer, specifically its accuracy in predicting surgical findings. Methodology: We conducted a literature search and uncovered eight relevant studies from 2001 to 2021. These studies included 843 patients with diverse demographics, various stages of cancer, and different types of pancreatic tumors. Results: Our results showed that CT scans can initially be depended on for early detection, assessment of the extent of lesions, and determination of the resection feasibility. Furthermore, the “K-sign,” indicative of constriction of the pancreatic parenchyma, was observed in 58.5% of the cases. This shows promise for the early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Our findings have significant implications for clinical practice, potentially influencing guidelines and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. However, this also indicates a deficiency in existing studies supporting whether CT can accurately predict surgical outcomes.