Purslane: A Nutritional Powerhouse and Multifunctional Medicinal Herb with Extensive Pharmacological Applications

Purslane, commonly named Portulaca oleracea L., belongs to the Portulacaceae family and is widely recognized for its medicinal and nutritional value. It commonly consumed in traditional diets across Mediterranean and Asian regions as it is rich with omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids, which contribute to its therapeutic properties. In traditional medicine, it has been used as a febrifuge, antiseptic, and vermifuge, addressing ailments such as fever, dysentery, diarrhoea, eczema, and bleeding disorders. Recent studies have highlighted its pharmacological potential, driven by its diverse bioactive compounds. Purslane demonstrates significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, supported by the presence of alkaloids like oleraceins and isoindole derivatives, as well as flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol. It has been investigated for its protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, and diabetes, along with its neuroprotective properties in managing Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases. Its immunomodulatory, antiviral, anti-asthmatic, and hepatoprotective activities have been documented. Purslane also exhibits cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines and holds potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammation, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, its antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens underscores its utility in combating infectious diseases. The plant’s bioactive compounds, including specialized metabolites like cerebrosides and methoxylated flavone glycosides, enhance its pharmacological versatility. With its extensive therapeutic benefits and high nutritional profile, Purslane emerges as a multifunctional plant with promising applications in modern medicine and dietary practices. This review highlights its phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and potential role in disease management.